Role of the Genetic Factors in the Development of Myopia

Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is the most common eye disorder worldwide. In myopic peoples, the image of distant objects falls in front of the retina, either as the eye is too long (axial myopia), the cornea is too convex or the index of refraction of the lens is too high (refractive myopia). The light enteringthe eye is not focused correctly and distant ob‐ jects look blurred [1]. The myopic eye is generally vulnerable and persons with ≤-6.0 diop‐ ters (D) are more liable to a wide range of ocular pathologies. The development of highgrade myopia involves anterior-posterior enlargement of the eye, scleral thinning, changes in the diameter of scleral collagen fibrils, and frequent detachment of the retina resulting from stress related with axial elongation [2].